{"id":4436,"date":"2022-11-22T10:37:44","date_gmt":"2022-11-22T10:37:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/proyectofis.online\/?p=4436"},"modified":"2023-09-13T16:26:13","modified_gmt":"2023-09-13T16:26:13","slug":"virus-farmacos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.icesi.edu.co\/cienciaenicesi\/virus-farmacos\/","title":{"rendered":"F\u00e1rmacos"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading cnvs-block-core-heading-1668709007114\" id=\"tincidunt-veni-tellus-orci-aenean-consectetuer\"><span id=\"que-son-los-farmacos\"><strong><strong><strong>&nbsp;\u00bfQu\u00e9 son los f\u00e1rmacos?<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Ciencia en ICESI - ANIMACI\u00d3N 3\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TQkOlSYiBsk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>En primer lugar, es conveniente distinguir dos conceptos que en ocasiones se utilizan de manera equivocada y pueden dar lugar a errores: f\u00e1rmaco y medicamento. Un f\u00e1rmaco es toda sustancia qu\u00edmica (principio activo) capaz de interactuar con un organismo vivo, mientras que un medicamento es la sustancia o conjunto de sustancias destinadas a ser utilizadas en el ser humano o en animales que tienen propiedades para prevenir, diagnosticar, tratar, aliviar o curar enfermedades (Goldman, 2001). De modo que, se presenta la farmacolog\u00eda como ciencia que estudia las acciones y propiedades de los f\u00e1rmacos en el orga\u00adnismo, con el fin de proporcionar un beneficio al paciente (Goldman, 2001).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>La farmacolog\u00eda es una ciencia permanente, pero en continuo cambio. <\/p>\n<cite>Autor<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>En segundo lugar, la farmacolog\u00eda es una ciencia permanente, pero en continuo cambio. Permanente porque asegura la protecci\u00f3n de la salud de las personas, fomenta la calidad de un medicamento y de forma consecuente, la calidad en t\u00e9rminos de salud. Y en continuo cambio, por la evoluci\u00f3n constante de las tecnolog\u00edas, la ciencia, la medicina y la propia humanidad, que permite el auge continuo de la farmacolog\u00eda acorde a tal evoluci\u00f3n (Smeriglio et al., 2016). Por \u00faltimo, se encuentra la farmacovigilancia, disciplina que tiene como prop\u00f3sito general mejorar el cuidado y la seguridad del paciente en relaci\u00f3n con el uso de medicamentos (Meyboom et al., 2012).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img  loading=\"lazy\"  decoding=\"async\"  width=\"1024\"  height=\"683\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAABAAAAAKrAQMAAABV2G3XAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAGxJREFUeNrtwTEBAAAAwqD1T20MH6AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAOBtYOgAB23VbnQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\"  alt=\"\"  class=\"wp-image-4846 pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"  data-pk-src=\"http:\/\/proyectofis.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lab-4-min-1024x683.png\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.icesi.edu.co\/cienciaenicesi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lab-4-min-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.icesi.edu.co\/cienciaenicesi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lab-4-min-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/www.icesi.edu.co\/cienciaenicesi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lab-4-min-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/www.icesi.edu.co\/cienciaenicesi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lab-4-min-1536x1025.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.icesi.edu.co\/cienciaenicesi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lab-4-min-2048x1367.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.icesi.edu.co\/cienciaenicesi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lab-4-min-380x254.png 380w, https:\/\/www.icesi.edu.co\/cienciaenicesi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lab-4-min-800x534.png 800w, https:\/\/www.icesi.edu.co\/cienciaenicesi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lab-4-min-1160x774.png 1160w\" ><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading cnvs-block-core-heading-1668709735827\" id=\"tincidunt-veni-tellus-orci-aenean-consectetuer\"><span id=\"importancia-para-el-descubrimiento-de-farmacos\"><strong><strong><strong>&nbsp;<strong>Importancia para el descubrimiento de f\u00e1rmacos&nbsp;<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Durante milenios las especies vegetales se han constituido como la principal fuente de medicamentos para tratar distintas enfermedades y en la actualidad son objeto de estudio en diferentes \u00e1reas del conocimiento cient\u00edfico, debido a sus aplicaciones y usos (Godswill, 2019). En el siglo XX muchos f\u00e1rmacos fueron desarrollados a partir de fuentes naturales, particularmente de las plantas (Godswill, 2019). Hoy, muchas enfermedades son tratadas gracias al descubrimiento de compuestos a partir de las plantas, lo que evidencia que estas juegan un papel significativo en el descubrimiento y desarrollo de nuevos f\u00e1rmacos (Godswill, 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading cnvs-block-core-heading-1668709756725\" id=\"tincidunt-veni-tellus-orci-aenean-consectetuer\"><span id=\"reporte-de-moleculas-con-potencial-de-farmacos\"><strong><strong><strong><strong>&nbsp;Reporte de mol\u00e9culas con potencial de f\u00e1rmacos<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Para desarrollar un f\u00e1rmaco es necesario iniciar con la identificaci\u00f3n de uno o m\u00e1s compuestos, que se unan a un blanco terap\u00e9utico o que muestran actividad biol\u00f3gica. Asimismo, entre las caracter\u00edsticas que debe incluir un compuesto se encuentra que sea de baja toxicidad, solubilidad acuosa (para facilitar el suministro), entre otras propiedades farmacocin\u00e9ticas que permitan la absorci\u00f3n, distribuci\u00f3n y metabolismo de un f\u00e1rmaco. Uno de los grupos m\u00e1s grandes de compuestos son los polifenoles, mol\u00e9culas presentes en las plantas que se producen en respuesta a situaciones de estr\u00e9s; se caracterizan por tener potenciales actividades antibacterianas, antif\u00fangicas y antivirales (Bernini et al, 2021). Por otro lado, existen estudios que indican que hay presencia de polifenoles en el t\u00e9 verde como inhibidores principales de las proteasas del SARS-CoV2 y el MERS-CoV (Saldivar-Gonz\u00e1lez et al, 2017). Otra planta reportada es la c\u00farcuma, que es utilizada alrededor del mundo en la medicina tradicional, por sus beneficios para la salud que incluyen efectos antiinflamatorios, anticancer\u00edgenos, de regulaci\u00f3n cardiovascular, respiratorios y del sistema inmunol\u00f3gico; incluso, se ha utilizado para tratar pacientes con \u00e9bola y la influenza (Godwill, 2019).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Otro grupo de plantas conocidas como equin\u00e1ceas, se han utilizado tradicionalmente para la prevenci\u00f3n y el tratamiento de los s\u00edntomas del resfriado y la gripe. Es as\u00ed, como estudios previos han demostrado que posee potencial antiviral y reduce la duraci\u00f3n de las infecciones respiratorias altas; tambi\u00e9n, es posible resaltar el sa\u00faco, por sus propiedades antioxidantes, anti diab\u00e9ticas, antiinflamatorias y antibacterianas y antivirales (Godwill, 2019). Adem\u00e1s, el regaliz (productor de glicirricina), que es una hierba utilizada en la medicina tradicional china, produce metabolitos con actividades farmacol\u00f3gicas tales como actividades antivirales, antimicrobianas, antiinflamatorias, antitumorales, entre otras. Por otro lado, la granada, que es cultivada en regiones tropicales y subtropicales del mundo, ha mostrado efectos antioxidantes, anti aterog\u00e9nicos, anticancer\u00edgenos, antiinflamatorios, antimicrobianos y antiinfecciosos tanto de la c\u00e1scara como del extracto de frutas. Por \u00faltimo, existen microorganismos conocidos com\u00fanmente como espirulina, las cuales son cianobacterias que inhiben la formaci\u00f3n de placa viral en una amplia gama de virus de influenza.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">#pp-podcast-4276 a, .pp-modal-window .modal-4276 a, .pp-modal-window .aux-modal-4276 a, #pp-podcast-4276 .ppjs__more { color: #59BACC; } #pp-podcast-4276:not(.modern) .ppjs__audio .ppjs__button.ppjs__playpause-button button *, #pp-podcast-4276:not(.modern) .ppjs__audio .ppjs__button.ppjs__playpause-button button:hover *, #pp-podcast-4276:not(.modern) .ppjs__audio .ppjs__button.ppjs__playpause-button button:focus *, .pp-modal-window .modal-4276 .ppjs__audio .ppjs__button.ppjs__playpause-button button *, .pp-modal-window .modal-4276 .ppjs__audio .ppjs__button.ppjs__playpause-button button:hover *, .pp-modal-window .modal-4276 .ppjs__audio .ppjs__button.ppjs__playpause-button button:focus *, .pp-modal-window .aux-modal-4276 .pod-entry__play *, 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class=\"pp-podcast__wrapper\"><div class=\"pp-podcast__info pod-info\"><div class=\"pod-info__header pod-header\"><div class=\"pod-header__items pod-items\"><div class=\"pod-items__title\">Farmacos<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"pp-podcast__content pod-content\"><div class=\"pp-podcast__single\"><div class=\"pp-podcast__player\"><div class=\"pp-player-episode\"><audio id=\"pp-podcast-4276-player\" preload=\"none\" class=\"pp-podcast-episode\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.icesi.edu.co\/cienciaenicesi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/PODCAST-3-VIRUS-FARMACO.mp3\" \/><\/audio><\/div><\/div><div class=\"pod-content__episode episode-single\"><button class=\"episode-single__close\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Close Single Episode\"><span class=\"btn-icon-wrap\"><svg class=\"icon icon-pp-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\"><use href=\"#icon-pp-x\" xlink:href=\"#icon-pp-x\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span><\/button><div class=\"episode-single__wrapper\"><div class=\"episode-single__header\"><div class=\"episode-single__title\">Farmacos \u2013 Episodio 1<\/div><div class=\"episode-single__author\"><span class=\"byname\">by<\/span><span class=\"single-author\">Ciencia en Icesi<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ppjs__img-wrapper \"><div class=\"ppjs__img-btn-cover\"><img  decoding=\"async\"  class=\"ppjs__img-btn pk-lazyload\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  alt=\"Farmacos \u2013 Episodio 1\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 300px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/www.icesi.edu.co\/cienciaenicesi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/farmacos1.png\"  data-pk-srcset=\"\" ><\/div><div><span class=\"ppjs__img-btn-style\" style=\"display: block; width: 100%; padding-top: 100%\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"pod-content__list episode-list\"><div class=\"episode-list__filters\"><div class=\"episode-list__search\"><label class=\"label-episode-search\"><span class=\"ppjs__offscreen\">Search Episodes<\/span><input type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Search Episodes\" title=\"Search Podcast Episodes\"\/><\/label><span class=\"episode-list__search-icon\"><svg class=\"icon icon-pp-search\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\"><use href=\"#icon-pp-search\" xlink:href=\"#icon-pp-search\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span><\/div><button class=\"episode-list__clear-search pod-button\"><svg class=\"icon icon-pp-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\"><use href=\"#icon-pp-x\" xlink:href=\"#icon-pp-x\"><\/use><\/svg><span class=\"ppjs__offscreen\">Clear Search<\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"episode-list__wrapper\">\n<div id=\"ppe-4276-1\" class=\"episode-list__entry pod-entry\" data-search-term=\"farmacos \u2013 episodio 1\" data-cats=\"\">\n\t<div class=\"pod-entry__wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"pod-entry__content\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"pod-entry__title\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.icesi.edu.co\/cienciaenicesi\/podcast\/farmacos-episodio-1\/\">Farmacos \u2013 Episodio 1<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"pod-entry__date\">6 de febrero de 2023<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pod-entry__author\">Ciencia en Icesi<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"ppe-4276-2\" class=\"episode-list__entry pod-entry\" data-search-term=\"farmacos \u2013 episodio 2\" data-cats=\"\">\n\t<div class=\"pod-entry__wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"pod-entry__content\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"pod-entry__title\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.icesi.edu.co\/cienciaenicesi\/podcast\/farmacos-episodio-2\/\">Farmacos \u2013 Episodio 2<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"pod-entry__date\">6 de febrero de 2023<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pod-entry__author\">Ciencia en 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xlink:href=\"#icon-pp-x\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading cnvs-block-core-heading-1668710063292\" id=\"tincidunt-veni-tellus-orci-aenean-consectetuer\"><span id=\"referencias\"><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong>REFERENCIAS<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Alshanqeeti, S., &amp; Bhargava, A. (2022). COVID-19 Rebound After Paxlovid Treatment: A Case Series and Review of Literature. <em>Cureus<\/em>, <em>14<\/em>(6). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/CUREUS.26239<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Barr, J. N., &amp; Fearns, R. (2016). Genetic Instability of RNA Viruses. <em>Genome Stability: From Virus to Human Application<\/em>, 21\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-803309-8.00002-1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bartlett, J. M. S., &amp; Stirling, D. (2003). A Short History of the Polymerase Chain Reaction. <em>PCR Protocols<\/em>, 3\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1385\/1-59259-384-4:3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bernini, R., &amp; Velotti, F. (2021). Natural Polyphenols as Immunomodulators to Rescue Immune Response Homeostasis: Quercetin as a Research Model against Severe COVID-19. <em>Molecules (Basel)<\/em>, <em>26<\/em>(19). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/MOLECULES26195803<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Colombia &#8211; Traveler view | Travelers\u2019 Health | CDC<\/em>. (n.d.). Retrieved December 12, 2022, from https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/travel\/destinations\/traveler\/none\/colombia<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Erlich, H. A. (1989). Polymerase chain reaction. <em>Journal of Clinical Immunology 1989 9:6<\/em>, <em>9<\/em>(6), 437\u2013447. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00918012\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00918012<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fernando, G., &amp; Garcia, G. (2018). Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) y su importancia en salud humana. <em>Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical<\/em>, <em>70<\/em>(1), 55\u201370. http:\/\/scielo.sld.cu<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Godswill, C. (2019). Medicinal Plants: the Medical, Food, and Nutritional Biochemistry and Uses. <em>International Journal of Advanced Academic Research | Sciences<\/em>, <em>5<\/em>(11), 2488\u20139849.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Goldman, P. (2001). Herbal medicines today and the roots of modern pharmacology. <em>Annals of Internal Medicine<\/em>, <em>135<\/em>(8 II), 594\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-135-8_PART_1-200110160-00010<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jartti, T., S\u00f6derlund-Venermo, M., Hedman, K., Ruuskanen, O., &amp; M\u00e4kel\u00e4, M. J. (2013). New molecular virus detection methods and their clinical value in lower respiratory tract infections in children. <em>Paediatric Respiratory Reviews<\/em>, <em>14<\/em>(1), 38\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.PRRV.2012.04.002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jiang, S., Hillyer, C., &amp; Du, L. (2020). Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and Other Human Coronaviruses. <em>Trends in Immunology<\/em>, <em>41<\/em>(5), 355\u2013359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.IT.2020.03.007<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Koonin, E. V., Dolja, V. V., Krupovic, M., &amp; Kuhn, J. H. (2021). Viruses Defined by the Position of the Virosphere within the Replicator Space. <em>Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews<\/em>, <em>85<\/em>(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/MMBR.00193-20\/ASSET\/B1B2F956-5A47-4BD6-83C8-04405311B8D4\/ASSETS\/IMAGES\/LARGE\/MMBR.00193-20-F003.JPG<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mahase, E. (2020). Coronavirus: covid-19 has killed more people than SARS and MERS combined, despite lower case fatality rate. <em>BMJ<\/em>, <em>368<\/em>, m641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/BMJ.M641<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Marzi, M., Vakil, M. K., Bahmanyar, M., &amp; Zarenezhad, E. (2022). Paxlovid: Mechanism of Action, Synthesis, and in Silico Study. <em>BioMed Research International<\/em>, <em>2022<\/em>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/7341493<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Meyboom, R. H. B., Egberts, A. C. G., Gribnau, F. W. J., &amp; Hekster, Y. A. (2012). Pharmacovigilance in Perspective. <em>Drug Safety 1999 21:6<\/em>, <em>21<\/em>(6), 429\u2013447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00002018-199921060-00001<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mishra, U. (2010). Methods of Virus Detection and Their Limitations. <em>SSRN Electronic Journal<\/em>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/SSRN.1916708<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nasir, A., Romero-Severson, E., &amp; Claverie, J. M. (2020). Investigating the Concept and Origin of Viruses. <em>Trends in Microbiology<\/em>, <em>28<\/em>(12), 959\u2013967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tim.2020.08.003<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Petersen, L. R., Jamieson, D. J., Powers, A. M., &amp; Honein, M. A. (2016). Zika Virus. <em>Https:\/\/Doi.Org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1602113<\/em>, <em>374<\/em>(16), 1552\u20131563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMRA1602113<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rico-Mendoza, A., Porras-Ram\u00edrez, A., Chang, A., Encinales, L., &amp; Lynch, R. (2019). Co-circulation of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses in Colombia from 2008 to 2018. <em>Rev Panam Salud Publica;43, Jun. 2019<\/em>, <em>43<\/em>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26633\/RPSP.2019.49<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Riou, J., &amp; Althaus, C. L. (2020). Pattern of early human-to-human transmission of Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), December 2019 to January 2020. <em>Eurosurveillance<\/em>, <em>25<\/em>(4), 2000058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.4.2000058\/CITE\/PLAINTEXT<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ross, T. M. (2010). Dengue virus. <em>Clinics in Laboratory Medicine<\/em>, <em>30<\/em>(1), 149\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cll.2009.10.007<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sald\u00edvar-Gonz\u00e1lez, F., Prieto-Mart\u00ednez, F. D., Medina-Franco, J. L., Sald\u00edvar-Gonz\u00e1lez, F., Prieto-Mart\u00ednez, F. D., &amp; Medina-Franco, J. L. (2017). Descubrimiento y desarrollo de f\u00e1rmacos: un enfoque computacional. <em>Educaci\u00f3n Qu\u00edmica<\/em>, <em>28<\/em>(1), 51\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.EQ.2016.06.002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19): Rapid Antigen Test for Diagnosis Biotrend<\/em>. (n.d.). Retrieved December 12, 2022, from https:\/\/www.biotrend.com\/lesen\/newsletter-26\/sars-cov-2-covid-19-rapid-antigen-2406.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Smeriglio, A., Barreca, D., Bellocco, E., &amp; Trombetta, D. (2016). Chemistry, Pharmacology and Health Benefits of Anthocyanins. <em>Phytotherapy Research<\/em>, <em>30<\/em>(8), 1265\u20131286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/PTR.5642<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sulaiman, A. A., &amp; Ali, A. (n.d.). <em>A Comparative Study of Virus Detection Techniques <\/em>. Retrieved December 12, 2022, from https:\/\/d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net\/89649022\/10002328.pdf?1660508031=&amp;response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DA_Comparative_Study_Of_Virus_Detection_T.pdf&amp;Expires=1670861941&amp;Signature=WtU7amAMSeSY1Uvb5nyiCp74jOx0WTI6BZp3L6cOF6lalFhjTzD7EgUaOxKX9h1RONQ3Sk7VQpM3Czh-GoivEdNeP0enaiAHZrtoGxP-OVI-GbryaHb3YDjzox0b3ACOMTudpgNomYqi5tVyLJ-NtZbJSH4ynD4scf-zFObbgkv8PoL1VQgpv7bDHnlG4C-GSUsjssdqGtX8GnRNegfEfPl70czfOR3H1jUyNFIZVJv70jmq2voLO-fAs3VBjF-YoqU-904vIO5XhtZ2uR1EGG16r7H1nXfi5UYs~KqsNM~pp1KBnftjbZ5U5isWmkcjmUetRGZhf7~BqBXCbcGkvg__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Understanding COVID-19 PCR Testing<\/em>. (n.d.). Retrieved December 12, 2022, from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.genome.gov\/about-genomics\/fact-sheets\/Understanding-COVID-19-PCR-Testing\">https:\/\/www.genome.gov\/about-genomics\/fact-sheets\/Understanding-COVID-19-PCR-Testing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medigraphic.com\/cgi-bin\/new\/resumen.cgi?IDARTICULO=81903\">https:\/\/www.medigraphic.com\/cgi-bin\/new\/resumen.cgi?IDARTICULO=81903<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Sustancia qu\u00edmica (principio activo) capaz de interactuar con un organismo vivo\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4441,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"video","meta":{"episode_type":"audio","audio_file":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"full","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_url":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=jgm58cbu0kw&t=3427s&ab_channel=AerialEarth%F0%9F%8C%8E","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":1923,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[108,33],"tags":[85,82,32],"series":[],"coauthors":[70,67,68,69],"class_list":{"0":"post-4436","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-video","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-farmacos","8":"category-virus","9":"tag-farmacologia","10":"tag-farmacos","11":"tag-virus","12":"post_format-post-format-video","13":"cs-entry","14":"cs-video-wrap"},"episode_featured_image":"https:\/\/www.icesi.edu.co\/cienciaenicesi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/pexels-pixabay-159211-scaled.jpg","episode_player_image":"https:\/\/www.icesi.edu.co\/cienciaenicesi\/wp-content\/plugins\/seriously-simple-podcasting\/assets\/images\/no-album-art.png","download_link":"","player_link":"","audio_player":false,"episode_data":{"playerMode":"dark","subscribeUrls":[],"rssFeedUrl":"https:\/\/www.icesi.edu.co\/cienciaenicesi\/feed\/podcast\/ciencia-en-icesi","embedCode":"<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"vt6iJcxq5d\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.icesi.edu.co\/cienciaenicesi\/virus-farmacos\/\">F\u00e1rmacos<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" src=\"https:\/\/www.icesi.edu.co\/cienciaenicesi\/virus-farmacos\/embed\/#?secret=vt6iJcxq5d\" width=\"500\" height=\"350\" title=\"&#8220;F\u00e1rmacos&#8221; &#8212; Ciencia en Icesi\" data-secret=\"vt6iJcxq5d\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\"><\/iframe><script>\n\/*! 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