La expansión internacional de la firma: experiencia de una pyme del sector tecnológico de Argentina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.estger.2017.08.001Palabras clave:
Expansión internacional, Pyme, Estudio de caso, Análisis de discursoResumen
Tradicionalmente las teorías sobre la expansión internacional de la firma presuponían que empresas similares seguían patrones únicos de comportamiento. Sin embargo, la realidad las muestra como intérpretes de oportunidades de crecimiento organizacional, que llevan a cabo acciones heterogéneas al momento de internacionalizarse. El presente trabajo, a través de una investigación de estudio de caso único, pretende comprender la experiencia de los directivos de una pyme del sector tecnológico en Argentina, quienes tomaron la decisión de internacionalizarse sin ajustarse a ningún patrón. A fin de captar la singularidad que caracteriza esta pyme, mediante el análisis del discurso de los directivos se llega a conocer cómo construyen su mundo organizacional y qué llega a ser convincente, confiable y significativo para ellos.
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Referencias
Andersen, O. (1993). On the internationalization process of firms: A critical analysis. Journal of International Business Studies, 24(2), 209-231.
Andersen, O. (1997). Internationalisation and market entry mode: A review of theories and conceptual frameworks. Management International Review, 37, 27-42.
Arenius, P. M. (2002). Creation of firm-level social capital, its explotation, and the process of early internationalization. Helsinki, Finland: Helsinki University of Technology.
Autio, E., Sapienza, H. J. y Arenius, P. (2005). International social capital, technology sharing, and foreign market learning in internationalizing entrepreneurial firms. Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth, 8, 9-42.
Bell, J. (1995). The internationalization of small computer software firms: A further challenge to «stage» theories. European Journal of Marketing, 29(8), 60-75.
Bell, J., McNaughton, R., Young, S. y Crick, D. (2003). Towards an integrative model of small firm internationalization. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1, 339-362.
Bilkey, W. J. y Tesar, G. (1977). The export behaviour of smaller-sized Wisconsin manufacturing firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 8(1), 93-98.
Boje, D. M., Haley, U. C. y Saylors, R. (2016). Antenarratives of organizational change: The microstoria of Burger King’s storytelling in space, time and strategic context. Human Relations, 69(2), 391-418.
Burton-Jones, A., McLean, E. R. y Monod, E. (2011). On aproches to building theories: Process, variance and systems. British Columbia, Canada: Sauder School of Business, UBC.
Cavusgil, S. T. (1980). On the internationalization process of firms. European Research, 8(6), 273-281.
Chia, R. y Nayak, A. (2017). Circumventing the logic and limits of representation: Otherness in East-West approaches to paradox. En M. W. Lewis, W. K. Smith, P. Jarzabkowski, y A. Langley (Eds.), Handbook of organizational paradox: Approaches to plurality, tensions and contradictions. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Cooren, F., Taylor, J. R. y van Every, E. J. (2013). Communication as organizing: Empirical and theoretical explorations in the dynamic of text and conversation. Mahwayh, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Coviello, N. E. y McAuley, A. (1999). Internationalization and the smaller firm: A review of contemporary empirical research. Management International Review, 39(3), 223-256.
Crick, D. y Jones, M. (2000). Small high-technology firms and international high technology markets. Journal of International Marketing, 8(2), 63-85.
Cunha, M. P. y Tsoukas, H. (2015). Reforming the state: Understanding the vicious circles of reform. European Management Journal, 33(4), 225-229.
Czarniawska, B. (2014). A theory of organizing (2 nd ed.). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Czarniawska, B. (2015). After practice: A personal reflection. Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, 5(3a), 105-114.
Dimitratos, P., Plakoyiannaki, E. y Pitsoulaki, A. (2010). The global smaller firm in international entrepreneurship. International Business Review, 19, 589-606.
Dunne, D. D. y Dougherty, D. (2016). Abductive reasoning: How unnovators navigate in the labyrinth of complex product innovation. Organization Studies, 37(2), 131-159.
Eriksson, M. (2016). The complex internationalization process unfolded. The case of Atlas Copco’s entry into the Chinese mid-market. Uppsala, Sweden: Företagsekonomiska Institutionen, Uppsala Universitet.
Friedman, T. (2010). Just doing it. The New York Times, pp. 04-18. Recuperado 17 Abr 2010 en: Recuperado 17 Abr 2010 en: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/18/opinion/18friedman.html
Gergen, K. J. (2015). From mirroring to world-making: Research as future forming. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 45(3), 287-310.
Hernes, T. (2014). A process theory of organization. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Hernes, T. y Weik, E. (2007). Organization as process: Drawing a line between endogenous and exogenous views. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 23, 251-264.
Johanson, J. y Vahlne, J. E. (1977). The internationalization process of the firm - a model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitment. Journal of International Business Studies, 8(1), 23-32.
Johanson, J. y Vahlne, J. E. (1990). The mechanism of internationalization. International Marketing Review, 7(4), 11-24.
Johanson, J. y Vahlne, J. E. (2009). The Uppsala internationalization process model revisited: From liability of foreignness to liability of outsidership. Journal of International Business Studies, 40, 1411-1431.
Johanson, J. y Vahlne, J. E. (2011). Markets as networks: Implications for strategy-making. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 39(4), 484-491.
Johanson, J. y Wiedersheim-Paul, F. (1975). The internationalization of the firm-four swedish cases. Journal of Management Studies, 12(3), 305-322.
Jones, M. V. (1999). The internationalization of small high-technology firms. Journal of International Marketing, 15-41.
Jones, M. V. y Coviello, N. E. (2005). Internationalisation: Conceptualising an entrepreneurial process of behaviour in time. Journal of International Business Studies, 36(3), 284-303.
Knight, G. y Cavusgil, T. (1996). The born global firm: A challenge to traditional internationalization theory. Advances in International Marketing, 8, 11-26.
López, R. y Deslauriers, J. (2011). La entrevista cualitativa como técnica para la investigación en trabajo social. Margen, 61, 1-19.
Madsen, T. y Servais, P. (1997). The internationalisation of born globals: An evolutionary process? International Business Review, 6(6), 561-583.
Maitlis, S. y Christianson, M. (2014). Sensemaking in organizations: Taking stock and moving forward. The Academy of Management Annals, 8(1), 57-125.
Meyn, S. P. (2009). Control techniques for complex networks. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Moen, Ø. y Servais, P. (2002). Born global or gradual global? Examining the export behavior of small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of International Marketing, 10(3), 49-72.
Onetti, A., Zucchella, A., Jones, M. V. y McDougall-Covin, P. P. (2012). Internationalization, innovation and entrepreneurship: Business models for new technology-based firms. Journal of Management & Governance, 16(3), 337-368.
Oviatt, B. M. y McDougall, P. P. (1994). Toward a theory of international new ventures. Journal of International Business Studies, 25(1), 45-64.
Oviatt, B. M. y McDougall, P. P. (2005). Defining international entrepreneurship and modeling the speed of internationalization. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 537-553.
Perrow, C. (1986). Complex organizations: A critical essay (3 rd ed.). New York, NY: Random.
Psaltis, C. (2014). Communication and the microgenetic construction of Knowledge. En G. Sammut, E. Andreouli, G. Gaskell, y J. Valsiner (Eds.), Handbook of social representation (pp. 1-16). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Rialp, A., Rialp, J. y Knight, G. A. (2005). The phenomenon of early internationalizing firms: What do we know after a decade (1993-2003) of scientific inquiry? International Business Review, 14(2), 147-166.
Sandberg, J. y Tsoukas, H. (2015). Making sense of the sensemaking perspective: Its constituents, limitations, and opportunities for further development. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36, 6-32.
Shotter, J. (2014). Agential realism, social constructionism, and our living relations to our surroundings: Sensing similarities rather than seeing patterns. Theory & Psychology, 24(3), 305-325.
Tsoukas, H. (2016). Don’t simplify, complexify: From disjunctive to conjunctive theorizing in organization and management studies. Journal of Management Studies, 1-22.
Tsoukas, H. y Chia, R. (2011). Introduction: Why philosophy matters to organization theory. In Philosophy and organization theory. Research in the sociology of organizations. pp. 1-21. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Van Dijk, T. (2014). Discourse and knowledge. A sociocognitive approach. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Weick, K. E. (1995). Sensemaking in organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Weick, K. E. (2015). Ambiguity as grasp: The reworking of sense. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 23(2), 117-123.
Weick, K. E. (2016). 60 th anniversary essay: Constrained comprehending: The experience of organizational inquiry. Administrative Science Quarterly, 61(3), 333-346.
Weick, K. E. (2017). Perspective construction in organizational behavior. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4(5), 1-5.
Weick, K. E., Sutcliffe, K. M. y Obstfeld, D. (2005). Organizing and the process of sensemaking. Organization Science, 16(4), 409-421.
Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research design and methods (5 th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Zuchella, A. (2005). Born global firms: How to reach new business space rapidly: An Italian survey. Oslo; Presentation in panel, EIBA 31st Annual Conference.
Andersen, O. (1997). Internationalisation and market entry mode: A review of theories and conceptual frameworks. Management International Review, 37, 27-42.
Arenius, P. M. (2002). Creation of firm-level social capital, its explotation, and the process of early internationalization. Helsinki, Finland: Helsinki University of Technology.
Autio, E., Sapienza, H. J. y Arenius, P. (2005). International social capital, technology sharing, and foreign market learning in internationalizing entrepreneurial firms. Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth, 8, 9-42.
Bell, J. (1995). The internationalization of small computer software firms: A further challenge to «stage» theories. European Journal of Marketing, 29(8), 60-75.
Bell, J., McNaughton, R., Young, S. y Crick, D. (2003). Towards an integrative model of small firm internationalization. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1, 339-362.
Bilkey, W. J. y Tesar, G. (1977). The export behaviour of smaller-sized Wisconsin manufacturing firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 8(1), 93-98.
Boje, D. M., Haley, U. C. y Saylors, R. (2016). Antenarratives of organizational change: The microstoria of Burger King’s storytelling in space, time and strategic context. Human Relations, 69(2), 391-418.
Burton-Jones, A., McLean, E. R. y Monod, E. (2011). On aproches to building theories: Process, variance and systems. British Columbia, Canada: Sauder School of Business, UBC.
Cavusgil, S. T. (1980). On the internationalization process of firms. European Research, 8(6), 273-281.
Chia, R. y Nayak, A. (2017). Circumventing the logic and limits of representation: Otherness in East-West approaches to paradox. En M. W. Lewis, W. K. Smith, P. Jarzabkowski, y A. Langley (Eds.), Handbook of organizational paradox: Approaches to plurality, tensions and contradictions. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Cooren, F., Taylor, J. R. y van Every, E. J. (2013). Communication as organizing: Empirical and theoretical explorations in the dynamic of text and conversation. Mahwayh, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Coviello, N. E. y McAuley, A. (1999). Internationalization and the smaller firm: A review of contemporary empirical research. Management International Review, 39(3), 223-256.
Crick, D. y Jones, M. (2000). Small high-technology firms and international high technology markets. Journal of International Marketing, 8(2), 63-85.
Cunha, M. P. y Tsoukas, H. (2015). Reforming the state: Understanding the vicious circles of reform. European Management Journal, 33(4), 225-229.
Czarniawska, B. (2014). A theory of organizing (2 nd ed.). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Czarniawska, B. (2015). After practice: A personal reflection. Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, 5(3a), 105-114.
Dimitratos, P., Plakoyiannaki, E. y Pitsoulaki, A. (2010). The global smaller firm in international entrepreneurship. International Business Review, 19, 589-606.
Dunne, D. D. y Dougherty, D. (2016). Abductive reasoning: How unnovators navigate in the labyrinth of complex product innovation. Organization Studies, 37(2), 131-159.
Eriksson, M. (2016). The complex internationalization process unfolded. The case of Atlas Copco’s entry into the Chinese mid-market. Uppsala, Sweden: Företagsekonomiska Institutionen, Uppsala Universitet.
Friedman, T. (2010). Just doing it. The New York Times, pp. 04-18. Recuperado 17 Abr 2010 en: Recuperado 17 Abr 2010 en: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/18/opinion/18friedman.html
Gergen, K. J. (2015). From mirroring to world-making: Research as future forming. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 45(3), 287-310.
Hernes, T. (2014). A process theory of organization. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Hernes, T. y Weik, E. (2007). Organization as process: Drawing a line between endogenous and exogenous views. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 23, 251-264.
Johanson, J. y Vahlne, J. E. (1977). The internationalization process of the firm - a model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitment. Journal of International Business Studies, 8(1), 23-32.
Johanson, J. y Vahlne, J. E. (1990). The mechanism of internationalization. International Marketing Review, 7(4), 11-24.
Johanson, J. y Vahlne, J. E. (2009). The Uppsala internationalization process model revisited: From liability of foreignness to liability of outsidership. Journal of International Business Studies, 40, 1411-1431.
Johanson, J. y Vahlne, J. E. (2011). Markets as networks: Implications for strategy-making. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 39(4), 484-491.
Johanson, J. y Wiedersheim-Paul, F. (1975). The internationalization of the firm-four swedish cases. Journal of Management Studies, 12(3), 305-322.
Jones, M. V. (1999). The internationalization of small high-technology firms. Journal of International Marketing, 15-41.
Jones, M. V. y Coviello, N. E. (2005). Internationalisation: Conceptualising an entrepreneurial process of behaviour in time. Journal of International Business Studies, 36(3), 284-303.
Knight, G. y Cavusgil, T. (1996). The born global firm: A challenge to traditional internationalization theory. Advances in International Marketing, 8, 11-26.
López, R. y Deslauriers, J. (2011). La entrevista cualitativa como técnica para la investigación en trabajo social. Margen, 61, 1-19.
Madsen, T. y Servais, P. (1997). The internationalisation of born globals: An evolutionary process? International Business Review, 6(6), 561-583.
Maitlis, S. y Christianson, M. (2014). Sensemaking in organizations: Taking stock and moving forward. The Academy of Management Annals, 8(1), 57-125.
Meyn, S. P. (2009). Control techniques for complex networks. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Moen, Ø. y Servais, P. (2002). Born global or gradual global? Examining the export behavior of small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of International Marketing, 10(3), 49-72.
Onetti, A., Zucchella, A., Jones, M. V. y McDougall-Covin, P. P. (2012). Internationalization, innovation and entrepreneurship: Business models for new technology-based firms. Journal of Management & Governance, 16(3), 337-368.
Oviatt, B. M. y McDougall, P. P. (1994). Toward a theory of international new ventures. Journal of International Business Studies, 25(1), 45-64.
Oviatt, B. M. y McDougall, P. P. (2005). Defining international entrepreneurship and modeling the speed of internationalization. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 537-553.
Perrow, C. (1986). Complex organizations: A critical essay (3 rd ed.). New York, NY: Random.
Psaltis, C. (2014). Communication and the microgenetic construction of Knowledge. En G. Sammut, E. Andreouli, G. Gaskell, y J. Valsiner (Eds.), Handbook of social representation (pp. 1-16). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Rialp, A., Rialp, J. y Knight, G. A. (2005). The phenomenon of early internationalizing firms: What do we know after a decade (1993-2003) of scientific inquiry? International Business Review, 14(2), 147-166.
Sandberg, J. y Tsoukas, H. (2015). Making sense of the sensemaking perspective: Its constituents, limitations, and opportunities for further development. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36, 6-32.
Shotter, J. (2014). Agential realism, social constructionism, and our living relations to our surroundings: Sensing similarities rather than seeing patterns. Theory & Psychology, 24(3), 305-325.
Tsoukas, H. (2016). Don’t simplify, complexify: From disjunctive to conjunctive theorizing in organization and management studies. Journal of Management Studies, 1-22.
Tsoukas, H. y Chia, R. (2011). Introduction: Why philosophy matters to organization theory. In Philosophy and organization theory. Research in the sociology of organizations. pp. 1-21. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Van Dijk, T. (2014). Discourse and knowledge. A sociocognitive approach. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Weick, K. E. (1995). Sensemaking in organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Weick, K. E. (2015). Ambiguity as grasp: The reworking of sense. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 23(2), 117-123.
Weick, K. E. (2016). 60 th anniversary essay: Constrained comprehending: The experience of organizational inquiry. Administrative Science Quarterly, 61(3), 333-346.
Weick, K. E. (2017). Perspective construction in organizational behavior. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4(5), 1-5.
Weick, K. E., Sutcliffe, K. M. y Obstfeld, D. (2005). Organizing and the process of sensemaking. Organization Science, 16(4), 409-421.
Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research design and methods (5 th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Zuchella, A. (2005). Born global firms: How to reach new business space rapidly: An Italian survey. Oslo; Presentation in panel, EIBA 31st Annual Conference.
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2017-09-25
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La expansión internacional de la firma: experiencia de una pyme del sector tecnológico de Argentina. (2017). Estudios Gerenciales, 33(144), 240-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.estger.2017.08.001
